Cambodia
Summary
About 23 languages are spoken in Cambodia. The largest ethnic group, the Khmer, make up approximately 90 percent of the population. In Cambodia, the usual medium of instruction at all levels is the national language, Khmer. According to the MLE Mapping exercise, eight (8) non-dominant languages (NDLs) are used in classrooms, some of them also as medium of instruction, in six provinces of northeastern Cambodia – Mondulkiri, Kratie, Ratanakiri, Stung Treng, Kampong Cham and Preah Vihear. The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport has adopted a bilingual education model in both formal and non-formal systems of education for adults as well as children. The Guidelines on Implementation of Education for Indigenous children in Highland Provinces was approved by the Minister of Education in august 2010.
| Name of Organization/ Institution | Level of Schooling | Formal or Non-formal | Public or Private | Which Languages | Number of Children reached by level of schooling | Location | Use of language in classroom (chooese 1-7, see below) | Materials in classroom |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CARE | PP | FE, NSP | n/a | Tampuan (tpu), Kru'ng 2 (krr) | F: 86 & M:86 = 172 | Ratanakiri Province | 2,5 | No (No text based materials yet but some are planned) |
| CARE (Initiator, lead actor, implementer), MoEYS (implementer), UNICEF (funder) | PR | FE | n/a | Tampuan (tpu), Kru'ng 2 (krr),Kavet (krv), Central Mnong (cmo) | F: 1024 & M:1335 = 2359 | Ratanakiri, Mondulkiri and Stung Treng Provinces | 1,7 | Yes (56 titles in each language) |
| MoEYS/ PoEYS/ DoEYS/ ICC/ UNESCO | PP | NFE - Children/Youth | PUB | Brao (brb), Central Khmer (khm) | F: 62 & M: 101 = 163 (end 2010) | Taveng District - Ratanakiri | 2 (So far, but will be introduced to khmer so then 1) | Yes (books developed by ICC, 1 to 7) |
| ICC | PR | NFE adult | PUB but not government | Brao (brb), Kru'ng 2 (krr), Tampuan (tpu), Central Khmer (khm) | F: 238 & M: 161 = 399 (End 2010) | O Chum & Traveng District Ratanakiri | 2 then 1 | Primers given to Students |
| NTFP | PR | NFE adult | PUB but not government | Kavet (krv)/ Central Khmer (khm) | F: 132 & M: 190 = 322 (End 2010) | Voen Sai District Ratanakiri | 2 then 1 | Primers given to Students |
| YWAM | PR | NFE adult | PUB but not government | Kavet (krv)/ Central Khmer (khm) | F: 270 & M: 361 = 631 (End 2010) | Santhephiep Commune Sung Treng | 2 then 1 | Primers given to Students |
| ICC READ Project Mondulkiri | PR | NFE adult | PUB but not government | Central Mnong (cmo), Central Khmer (khm) | F: 228 & M: 219 = 447 | Sen Monorom; Oreang; Pechreda and Koh Nhek districts, Mondulkiri province | 2 then 1 | Primers given to Students |
| New Humanity (NH) Cambodia | PP | FE - NSP | PUB | Central Mnong (cmo) | F: 65 & M: 72 = 137 (5 yrs old children), NB: Most of them are Mnong, but not all of them. | Mondolkiri, *Pech Chreada district, 3 communes (Krang Teh, Srè Ampoum and Busra) * Sen Monorom district: 1 commune/sangkhat (Romonea) | 1 (+5 or 6?) | No |
| World Education | Lower PR | FE | PUB | Western Cham (cja) | F: 479 & M: 491 = 970 | Kampong Cham (Thboung Khmom & Kroach Chhmar District), Kratie (Chloung District) | 3 (the bilingual classroom assistant help state teacher to translate or explain the Khmer instruction into cham language orally to cham children) | n/a |
| KAPE (Initiator) | PR (Grades I-II) | FE (Gov't) | PUB | Western Cham (cja) (Khmer is the official language of instruction) | F: 126 & M: 97 = 223 (total of grade 1 & 2 Cham students only) | Krochmar (3 schools only) and Tbong Khmum districts (3 schools only), Kampong Cham Province | 6 | None – all materials in L2 (Khmer) |
| Islamic Schools | PR | NFE, NSP | PRI | Western Cham (cja), Arabic | F: 338 & M: 471 = 809 | Krochmar (3 Islamic schools only) and Tbong Khmum districts (3 Islamicschools only), Kampong Cham Province | 1 | Mainly Cham language, but Translate from Arabic when using Qu’ran. As such, students learn to write, read and translate from Arabic to Cham, but do not learn speaking. |
| Save the Children Norway | PR | FE | PUB | Kuy (kdt) | N/A | Preh Vihear Province | 1, 7 | • Translate of Khmer textbook into Kuy language • Khmer language textbook |
Explanations
Name of organisation / institution:
Give the name of the organisation(s) (NGO, local association, etc) or institution (church, pagoda, temple, university etc.) which is initiating and supporting the action. This can include government agencies and institutions. Please specify type of involvement, e.g. initiator, lead actor, funder and implementer.
Level of schooling:
Identify whether action is at the pre-primary level (PP) or at the primary /elementary level (PR). The mapping is focusing only on these two levels of education.
Formal or Non-formal:
Identify whether action is:
1. in the formal (FE) or non-formal (NFE); and
2. in the government education system (Govt) or outside the government system by non-state providers (NSP).
Public or private:
Identify whether the action is happening in the public education (PUB) system or private (PRI). If this does not apply to your country, write n/a.
Which language:
Give the name of the local or minority language(s) which the action includes. If possible, see your country’s section on the Ethnologue.com (http://www.ethnologue.com/country_index.asp?place=Asia) and find the relevant 3-letter ISO language code for these languages.
Number of children:
Give the number of children reached by school level (pre-primary and primary/elementary). Please disaggregate by gender (i.e. M: and F:),
Location of action:
Give sub-national location of action(s) either province or district
Use of language in classroom:
Identify how language is used in the classroom by using the descriptors below. Choose the most appropriate one. You can choose more than one.
1. Language of instruction (LOI) is the learners’ mother tongue (MT or L1) and their second language (L2) .
2. Language of instruction is the mother tongue only.
3. The second language is officially the language of instruction.
4. Language of instruction is the second language with MT as subject.
5. Mother tongue is used orally, no written materials – officially.
6. Mother tongue is used orally, no written materials – unofficially.
7. Second language (L2) is taught as second language.
Materials in classroom:
Are there teaching and learning materials in MT in classroom? Yes or no. If yes, estimate the number of titles in MT.