The Constitution of Solomon Islands 1978 under the protection of freedom of conscience section states that:

“Every religious community shall be entitled, at its own expense, to establish and maintain places of education and to manage any place of education which it wholly maintains…Nothing in this section shall affect the power of Parliament to prescribe the curriculum and related matters in all places of education within Solomon Islands” (Government of Solomon Islands 1978).

Constitution (Amendment) Act 1982, (No.14 of 1982) established the Teaching Service Commission (TSC) (Ririmae 2011).

The Education Act 1996 makes provision for the structure of the education system of Solomon Islands and establishes the National Education Board (Government of Solomon Islands 1996).

The College of Higher Education Act 1984, amended in 2008, established the Solomon Islands College of Higher Education (SICHE n.d.).

The management and administration of education in Solomon Islands is a task executed by the National Ministry of Education and Human Resource Development (MEHRD) in collabouration with the National Education Board (NEB) and Education Authorities (EAs). The MEHRD consists of a Permanent Secretary and subordinate officers. The function of the NEB is to advise the Minister on all matters concerning the operation and development of the education system, and to make recommendations to the Minister on education policy, educational finance and related matters. Provincial Education Authorities (EA) for each of the 9 provinces, Church Education Authorities and the Honiara City Council Education Authority (VSA n.d.) ensure compliance with the requirements of the Education Act of 1996 and the requirements of the Ministry (Government of Solomon Islands 1996). EAs are also responsible for administering schools with government grants (UNESCO 2000), and for maintaining and financing items like teacher housing in remote communities and sanitation toilet facilities at school sites, and for recruiting, selecting and appointing teachers. From the top down, education management is as follows: the Ministry of Education, Education Authorities and Schools and communities. However, in reality there is some degree of overlap in responsibility by all divisions in the Ministry on particular issues of concern (Ririmae 2011). 

The key education institutions in Solomon Islands, besides the Ministry of Education and Human Resource Development (MEHRD) include: the National Education Board (NEB), Solomon Islands College of Higher Education (SICHE), Curriculum Development Centre (CDC) (UNESCO 2008), and the Teaching Services Commission (TSC) (Ririmae 2011).

SICHE is the only tertiary education institution in the country, and it offers a range of courses including Education, Nursing and Marine studies (UNESCO 2008). The CDC facilitates the development and promotion of indigenous education including traditional knowledge, customs, medicine, music and dance, and arts and craft (Government of Solomon Islands 2007). The TSC consists of a chairman, who is also chair of the Public Service Commission, 2-3 politically neutral members appointed by the Governor General. The Solomon Islands Teaching Service Office acts as the administrative office and Secretariat of the TSC. This office performs administrative duties relating to teachers (Ririmae 2011).