Thailand
Summary
More than 70 languages are spoken in Thailand. Standard Thai is the de facto official and national language of Thailand, and the medium of instruction at all levels of education. In some areas, six (6) non-dominant languages are taught as a subject in the additional local studies subject in schools. Some NDLs are used in non – formal education, mainly adult literacy, run largely by local NGOs. MLE Mapping exercise identified ten (10) minority languages are currently used as medium of instruction in classrooms. These classrooms are provided by formal, public pre-primary and primary schools in Southern (Malay), Eastern (Northern Khmer), Western (Mon - Kanchanaburi) and Northern (Hmong Daw, Pwo Karen, Mae Hong Son Lawa, Khmu) Thailand. Thailand’s first National Language Policy provides official support for NDLs in education, also as media of instruction in bilingual and multilingual education. The policy was signed by the Prime Minister in 2010.
| Name of Organization/ Institution | Level of Schooling | Formal or Non-formal | Public or Private | Which Languages | Number of Children reached by level of schooling | Location | Use of language in classroom (chooese 1-7, see below) | Materials in classroom | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mahidol University | Ban Prajan School | PP, PR | FE | PUB | Pattani Malay (mfa) | KG.1: 27, kG.2: 28, G.1: 34, G.2: 27 | Pattani | 1 | KG. 1
Cultural scene = 12 Picture story = 36 Listening story = 80 Song = 20 Alphabet Chart = 1 Pre - primer = 1 Thai TPR vocabulary = 192 Educational games (Math) = 40 KG. 2 Cultural scene = 7 Picture story = 5 Listening story = 40 Song = 20 PM primer = 1 Big book = 34 Small books (level 1) = 78 Small books (level 2) = 22 Thai TPR vocabulary = 960 Educational game (Math) = 20 G. 1 Cultural scene = 10 Picture story = 43 Listening story = 21 Song (PM) = 5 Song (Thai) = 5 Big book (PM) = 5 Big book (Thai) = 9 Small book (PM) = 20 Small book (Thai) = 20 Small book (diglot) = 20 Transfer primer = 1 English TPR vocabulary Picture card Word card G. 2 Cultural scene = 4 Listening story = 10 Song (PM) = 5 Song (Thai) = 5 Big books(PM) = 2 Big book (Thai) = 9 Small book (PM) = 3 Reading book (PM)= 35 Reading book (Thai) = 10 Reading book(diglot) = 35 Thai Primer = 1 English TPR vocabulary Picture card Word card |
| Buang Nomsai School | PP, PR | FE | PUB | Pattani Malay (mfa) | KG.1: 28, kG.2: 17, G.1: 23, G.2: 19 | Yala | 1 | ||
| Thairat Witthaya School | PP, PR | FE | PUB | Pattani Malay (mfa) | KG.1: 26, kG.2: 21, G.1: 41, G.2: 23 | Narathiwat | 1 | ||
| Tamalang Nua School | PP, PR | FE | PUB | Satun Malay (meo) | KG.1: 23, kG.2: 21, G.1: 24, G.2: 32 | Satun | 1 | Use the same materials as Patani Malay school (above) but translated into Satun Malay | |
| Bannasophit School | PP | FE | PUB | Khmu (kjg) | KG.1: 27 | Nan | 1 | Cultural scene = 5 Picture story = 3 Listening story = 11 | |
| Pho Luang Uppatham 10 School | PP | FE | PUB | Mae Hong Son Lawa (lcp) | KG.1: 8, kG.2: 5 | Mae Hongson | 1 | Big book = 28 Small book = 15 Cultural scene = 2 Picture story = 14 Listening story = 20 Primer = 1 Song = 20 Local game= 5 | |
| Ban Pho Kong School | PP | FE | PUB | Northern Khmer (kxm) | KG.1: 30, kG.2: 36 | Surin | 1 | Big book = 35 Small book = 45 Cultural scene = 26 Picture story = 15 Listening story = 25 Primer = 2 Song = 80 | |
| Wat Khlong Phlu School | PR | FE | PUB | Chong (cog) | G.4: 43, G.5: 46, G.6: 46 | Chanthaburi | 4 | Big book = 32+8 = 40 Small book = 25+7=32 Cultural scene = 4+3 = 7 Picture story = 5+2 = 7 Listening story = 40+5 = 45 Primer = 2 Song = 20+5 = 25 | |
| Wat Takhian Thong School | PR | FE | PUB | Chong (cog) | G.4: 26, G.5: 15, G.6: 18 | Chanthaburi | 4 | ||
| Wat Nam Khun School | PR | FE | PUB | Chong (cog) | G.4: 19, G.5: 20, G.6: 22 | Chanthaburi | 4 | ||
| Wat Thung Kabin School | PR | FE | PUB | Chong (cog) | G.4: 8 | Chanthaburi | 4 | ||
| Wang Ai Khong School | PR | FE | PUB | Nyahkur (cbn) | G.4 - 6: 17 | Chaiyaphum | 4 | Big book = 50 Small book = 50 Cultural scene = 1 Picture story = 2 Listening story = 4 Primer = 1 Song = 7 Special Picture story = 1 | |
| Ban Nong Muang School | PR | FE | PUB | Sộ (sss) | G.4: 16, G.5: 13, G.6: 17 | Sakonnakhon | 4 | Big book = 13 Small book = 55 Primer = 1 | |
| Wat Muang School | PR | FE | PUB | Mon (mnw) | G.4: 17, G.5: 16 | Ratchaburi | 4 | Big book = 20 Small book = 102 Primer = 1 | |
| Ban Dan Chumphon School | PR | FE | PUB | Chong (cog) | G.4: 10, G.5: 17, G.6: 16 | Trat | 4 | Big book = 5 Cultural scene = 2 Picture story = 7 Listening story = 7 Song = 3 | |
| Ban Wuen Buk School | PR | FE | PUB | Western Bru (brv) | G.4: 11, G.5: 12 | Ubonratchathani | 4 | Big book = 4 Cultural scene = 1 Picture story = 7 Song = 1 | |
| Ban Mai Nong Bua School | PP, PR | FE | PUB | Mandarin Chinese (cmn) | KG.1/1: 26, KG.1/2: 23, KG.2/1: 38, KG.2/2: 42, KG.2/3: 19 | Chiangmai | 5 | Cultural scene =11 Picture story = 11 Listening story = 20 Song = 10 | |
| Foundation for Applied Linguistics (FAL) | PP | FE | PUB | Mon (mnw) | 220 | Kanchanaburi | 2 | Yes | |
| Pwo Northern Karen (pww) | 80 | Hod and Omkoi communities in Chiang Mai Pronvince | 2 | Yes | |||||
| Hmong Daw (mww) | 450 | Terng and WiangKaen communities in Chiang Rai Province | 2 | Yes | |||||
| Akha (ahk) | 20 | Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai | 2 | Yes | |||||
| Lahu (lhu) | 25 | Chiang Rai | 2 | Yes | |||||
| PR | FE | PUB | Mon (mnw) | 105 | Kanchanaburi | 1 | Yes | ||
| Office of the Basic Education Commission, together with Foundation for Applied Linguistic, Mahidol University, Regional Education Offcies, Communities and Schools | PP to PR | FE | PUB | Mon (mnw) | Waiting (would submit later) | Kanchana Buri | 1 | Reading Books : Big Books , Small Books; Songs; Games; Story Telling; Big Pictures; Grammar Books; Lesson Books; Real Things from the community [depense on what teacher teach] | |
| Pattani Malay (mfa), Satun Malay (meo) | Pattani, Ya-la, Narathiwat, Satun | 1 | |||||||
| Hmong Daw (mww) | Chiang Rai | 1 | |||||||
| Pwo Northern Karen (pww) | Chiang Mai | 1 | |||||||
| Northern Khmer (kxm) | Surin | 1 | |||||||
Explanations
Name of organisation / institution:
Give the name of the organisation(s) (NGO, local association, etc) or institution (church, pagoda, temple, university etc.) which is initiating and supporting the action. This can include government agencies and institutions. Please specify type of involvement, e.g. initiator, lead actor, funder and implementer.
Level of schooling:
Identify whether action is at the pre-primary level (PP) or at the primary /elementary level (PR). The mapping is focusing only on these two levels of education.
Formal or Non-formal:
Identify whether action is:
1. in the formal (FE) or non-formal (NFE); and
2. in the government education system (Govt) or outside the government system by non-state providers (NSP).
Public or private:
Identify whether the action is happening in the public education (PUB) system or private (PRI). If this does not apply to your country, write n/a.
Which language:
Give the name of the local or minority language(s) which the action includes. If possible, see your country’s section on the Ethnologue.com (http://www.ethnologue.com/country_index.asp?place=Asia) and find the relevant 3-letter ISO language code for these languages.
Number of children:
Give the number of children reached by school level (pre-primary and primary/elementary). Please disaggregate by gender (i.e. M: and F:),
Location of action:
Give sub-national location of action(s) either province or district
Use of language in classroom:
Identify how language is used in the classroom by using the descriptors below. Choose the most appropriate one. You can choose more than one.
1. Language of instruction (LOI) is the learners’ mother tongue (MT or L1) and their second language (L2) .
2. Language of instruction is the mother tongue only.
3. The second language is officially the language of instruction.
4. Language of instruction is the second language with MT as subject.
5. Mother tongue is used orally, no written materials – officially.
6. Mother tongue is used orally, no written materials – unofficially.
7. Second language (L2) is taught as second language.
Materials in classroom:
Are there teaching and learning materials in MT in classroom? Yes or no. If yes, estimate the number of titles in MT.